Natural Ingredients Gardenia
Gardenia, called kuchinashi in Japan, has an intoxicating white-floral scent with a pungent greenness and earthy nuances.
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Natural Ingredients 
Natural Ingredients Palo Santo
What kind of tree is palo santo? Learn about the origin of its name, its relationship to frankincense and myrrh, and its characteristics and scent as a fragrance material.
Natural Ingredients Galbanum
Galbanum is a gum resin obtained from a plant in the carrot family. Explore its complex scent, centered on vivid greenness with woody, spicy, and other facets.
Synthetic Ingredients Cashmeran
Ingredient GuideAlso known as blond woods or cashmere wood (there is no tree by that name), Cashmeran is a synthetic mus...
Natural Ingredients Chrysanthemum
An in-depth explanation of the origins of the chrysanthemum’s name, its botanical history and cultural associations, the characteristics of its scent, and how it is expressed in perfume.
Natural Ingredients Freesia
Freesia, a plant in the iris family, has a faint citrus scent with a radiant sweetness, spiciness, and powderiness.
Natural Ingredients Carnation
Ingredient GuideCarnation is called œillet in French. Its scientific name is Dianthus caryophyllus, and it belongs to th...
Natural Ingredients Frankincense (≈ Incense)
Frankincense is a gum resin also called olibanum, or nyūkō (literally “milk incense”) in Japanese. Explore its origins and harvesting, its mysterious balsamic scent, and its relationship with incense culture.
Natural Ingredients Elder Flower
Ingredient GuideWhat Is Elderflower?Elderflower refers to the flowers of European elder (scientific name: Sambucus nigra...
Natural Ingredients Cardamom
Cardamom is a long-known spice in the ginger family. Explore its scent, which combines coolness and warmth, and how it is used in perfume.