Q. My sales conversations keep falling into the same pattern.

What follows reflects my understanding and views at the time of writing. There is no one-size-fits-all answer in customer service, and I believe that, above all, it is important to keep thinking about the approach you consider best. Use this as a reference as you develop your own approach to serving customers.

A. Two possible reasons come to mind: you do not have enough knowledge to talk about things in other ways, or you are not listening carefully to your customers.

When it comes to knowledge, it is important to cultivate a broad interest not only in perfume but also in film, music, fashion, literature, philosophy, and other subjects. This is because perfumers often draw inspiration from something, and that something frequently belongs to the kind of cultural knowledge I am talking about. You can start with your own interests, or with whatever inspired the brands and perfumes you sell. In any case, I think that even a little exposure to something you have not encountered before will help you expand on what customers say and keep your conversations from becoming repetitive.

As for not listening to customers, I do not simply mean failing to hear what kind of perfume they say they want. I mean failing to listen for what they truly desire. In other words, rather than responding to “I like sweet scents” with “Then here is such-and-such a fragrance,” ask, “What kind of sweetness do you mean: the sweetness of flowers, of fruit, or of something like confectionery?” Only then does the customer begin to think about what kind of sweetness they like and understand what they truly want.

If you are unsure how to guide the conversation, whether by asking questions or closing a sale, I recommend listening to how the salespeople around you serve customers, or visiting another shop or counter to experience the service yourself.