Natural Ingredients Castoreum
Castoreum, also known in Japanese as kairikō, is an animal-derived fragrance material from the beaver’s castor sacs. Explore its origins and its leathery, smoky scent.
Natural Ingredients 
Natural Ingredients Geranium
Geranium leaves are covered in oil-secreting hairs and release a rose-like scent when touched. Its flowers are small and pale pink. Steam-distilling the slightly wilted leaves and stems produces a rose-scented essential oil.
Natural Ingredients Mandarin (Tangerine)
Ingredient GuideMandarin, a member of the Rutaceae family, is known as the mandarin orange and is an orange native to Ch...
Synthetic Ingredients Vanillin
Ingredient GuideWhat Is Vanillin?What is interesting about vanillin is that, since its discovery in the nineteenth centu...
Natural Ingredients Gardenia
Gardenia, called kuchinashi in Japan, has an intoxicating white-floral scent with a pungent greenness and earthy nuances.
Natural Ingredients Palo Santo
What kind of tree is palo santo? Learn about the origin of its name, its relationship to frankincense and myrrh, and its characteristics and scent as a fragrance material.
Natural Ingredients Galbanum
Galbanum is a gum resin obtained from a plant in the carrot family. Explore its complex scent, centered on vivid greenness with woody, spicy, and other facets.
Synthetic Ingredients Cashmeran
Ingredient GuideAlso known as blond woods or cashmere wood (there is no tree by that name), Cashmeran is a synthetic mus...
Natural Ingredients Chrysanthemum
An in-depth explanation of the origins of the chrysanthemum’s name, its botanical history and cultural associations, the characteristics of its scent, and how it is expressed in perfume.
Natural Ingredients Freesia
Freesia, a plant in the iris family, has a faint citrus scent with a radiant sweetness, spiciness, and powderiness.